Patriarch Gregory of Montelongo and counts Maynard IV and Albert I of Gorizia sign a peace treaty, ending all hostilities, addressing a number of unresolved issues, and promising each other mutual aid.
In Christi nomine, amen.
Anno nativitatis Eiusdem millesimo CoCoLXoIIIIto, VII indictionis, apud Pigwentum in domo domini patriarche Aquilegensis, die XII exeunte mensisa martii, presentibus domino Alberto Dei gratia episcopo Concordiensi domini G(regorii) Dei gratia Aquilegensis patriarche vicedomino, Berengero preposito Sancti Udalrici, Nicolao Dalfino archidiacono Polensi et dominis Meinhardo de Prata, Ascuino de Varmo, Philippo de Cosillach, Matheo de Rivarota, Heinrico de Pramberch, Chunone et Biacuino fratribus du Mumelano, Henrico de Petra Pilosa et dominis Ulrico de Rifenberch, Philippo de Ratspurch, Henrico de Pisino, Ottone et Ditrico de Schoenenberch, Wlvingo de Proseke, Henrico de Lapide testibus et aliis multis.
Procurante humani generis inimico, qui per discordie seminarium delere nititur bonum pacis inter venerabilem patrem dominum G(regorium) Dei gratia sancte sedis Aquilegensis patriarcham ex parte una et nobiles viros dominos Meinhardum et Albertum fratres comites Goricie ac Tirolis ex altera, olim gravia gwerrarum discrimina sunt exorta, sed faciente Illo, Qui ad concordiam revocat discordantes, talis inter eos concordia intervenit:
[1] In primis, quod castrun de Luntsingo statim ex toto destrui debeat, ita nec per dominum patriarcham aut successores eius neque per dictos dominos comites aut eorum successores et heredes umquam amplius reedificetur.
[2] Item super facto possessionum Mosse, que obligate fuerant bone memorie domino M(einhardo) comiti Goricie patri supradictorum dominorum M(einhardi) et Al(berti) fratrum comitum Goricie, predictus dominus patriarcha mittere debeat nuncios suos ad dominum ducem Karinthie, quod possessiones predictas expediat, ut tenetur, quas, si dictus dominus dux non expedierit, prefatus dominus patriarcha et domini comites conveniant in unum in curia ipsius domini patriarche coram liberis et ministerialibus eiusdem domini patriarche, et quicquid ibidem iudicatum fuerit per ipsius curiam, ita fiat.
[3] Item factum Cormons in eo statu permaneat, sicut nunc est, et quod in loco ipso de Cormons castrum reedificari non debeat in vita istius domini patriarche G(regorii), nisi de ipsius consensu processerit ac etiam voluntate, salvo tamen iure dominorum comitum predictorum, quod se habere dicunt in loco eodem.
[4] Item quod dictus dominus patriarcha, statim facta sibi securitate sufficienti per dictos comites de pecunia quam ipse dominus patriarcha dedit comitisse Goricie matri comitum eorundem pro castro Belgradi, restituat dictum castrum comitibus ipsis, ita tamen quod iidem comites solvant eidem domino patriarche medietatem ipsius pecunie in festo Beati Andree proximo venturo et reliquam medietatem in festo Resurrectionis Dominice sequenti post festum predictum Beati Andree.
[5] Item quod dictus dominus patriarcha restituat et restitui faciat incontinenti portum Latisane dominis comitibus Goricie sepedictis.
[6] Item sepefati dominus patriarcha et comes M(einhardus) pro se et fratre de gerihto de Ronchis sic fuere concordes: quod debeat accipi inter eos communes amici qui gerihtum predictum in se teneant donec sive amicabiliter sive rationabiliter difiniant inter eos.
[7] Item domini comites ius, quod habere se dicunt in Glemona, dimittunt domino patriarche in eo statu, in quo nunc est, usque ad vitam eiusdem domini patriarche, salvo si idem dominus patriarcha eis gratiam aliquam facere vellet vel dare ipsis concambium in alio loco.
[8] Item quod dominus patriarcha teneatur adiuvare predictos dominos comites in eorum factis propriis contra omnes, excepto contra dominum papam et imperatorem et dominos regem Ungarie et Boemie et Commune Padue, ducem Karinthie, episcopum Tridentinum et episcopum Feltrensem et dominum Biacuinum et alios dominos de Camino et dominos Heinricum de Scharfenberch et Cholonem de Lewenburch.
[9] Item quod dicti domini comites debeant adiuvare predictum dominum patriarcham in factis eius propriis et ecclesie Aquilegensis contra omnes, preter quam contra imperatorem, dominos reges Ungarie et Boemie, Chonradum filium quondam regis Chonradi, ducem Karinthie, Commune Verone, dominum Fridericum comitem de Ortenburch, et dominum Fridericum comitem de Vegla et fratres.
[10] Item quod dominus Montfloritus et fratres de Pola et Commune Polense et omnes et omnes alii adiutores, tam domini patriarche quam predictorum dominorum comitum, sint in pace ista, qui fuerunt in gwerra huiusmodi habita nunc inter dominum patriarcham et comites eosdem. Et quod omnes iniurie et dampnab omniac illata de una parte ad aliam sint utrinque omnino remissa.
[11] Item quod omnes captivi statim dimittantur libere ac precise. Et si aliqui ex captivis ipsis securitatem aliquam fecerint de solvendo aliquam pecunie quantitatem aut aliud ad faciendum huiusmodi solutionem, minime teneantur. Sed si aliquid solverint, non retractetur.
[12] Item de obligatione Montisfalconis et mercati eiusdem ac aliarum villarum quas bone memorie dominus M(einhardus) comes Goritie pater dictorum comitum habuerat ab ecclesia Aquilegensi in pignore, quam dominus M(einhardus) comes filius eius refutavit in manus ipsius domini patriarche, sicut apparet per publicum instrumentum, sic fuere concordes: quod eadem refutatio firma permaneat atque rata, et quod ipse dominus comes M(einhardus) faciet et procurabit sine mora quod dominus Al(bertus) comes frater eius similiter refutabit in manus domini patriarche et habebit ratam et firmam refutationem eandem.
[13] Item quod utrumque castrum de canali Isontii, tam domini patriarche quam dominorum comitum, statim diruatur et destruatur.
[14] Item dictus dominus patriarcha investivit predictum dominum M(einhardum) comitem Goritie, recipientem pro se et domino Al(berto) comite fratre suo, de omnibus feudis quondam comitis Tirolensis que bone memorie dominus M(einhardus) comes pater ipsorum comitum habuit in sua tenuta usque ad obitum suum, salvis tamen vasallaticis, de quibus dominus patriarcha dabit dictis comitibus terminum in curia sua, et eis secundum laudum sue curie faciet rationem. Et de omnibus feudis etiam que dictus quondam dominus M(einhardus) comes habuit ab ecclesia Aquilegensi, que ipse habuit in sua tenuta usque ad finem vite sue, dictum dominum M(einhardum) comitem, recipientem pro se et fratre suo, manu propria etiam investivit, excepto de Glemona, sicut superius est expressum. Et dimisit eisdem comitibus omnia iura et bona eorum, recepto ab eodem comite fidelitatis debite iuramento quod in talibus recipi consuevit.
[15] Item tale pactum habitum est inter dictum dominum patriarcham et dominum comitem M(einhardum) pro se et domino Al(berto) comite fratre suo: quod, si idem dominus patriarcha non adiuverit dictos comites bona fide sine fraude et hec omnia non attenderit, que superius sunt expressa, teneatur et debeat dictis comitibus dare tantum in redditibus in contrata de Cirknitz quantum sunt redditus de Glemona, et quod Capitulum Aquilegense suum ad hoc prestabit assensum, idem dominus patriarcha dabit operam bona fide. Et si domini comites non adiuverint dictum dominum patriarcham bona fide sine fraude, careant omni iure quod in Glemona dicunt se habere et non observaverint omnia supradicta.
[16] Item dictus dominus patriarcha pro se et Aquilegensi ecclesia et dominus M(einhardus) comes pro se et domino Al(berto) comite fratre suo expresse renuntiaverunt sententie vel sententiis latis vel laturis per dominum O(tokarum) illustrem regem Boemie ac venerabiles patres dominos Pragensem et Olomocensem episcopos, de quibus compromiserant in eos.
[17] Item quod omnes pene, obligaciones et pacta facta inter dominum patriarcham et dominos M(einhardum) et Al(bertum) comites Goritie usque ad presentem diem cum cartis aut sine cartis sint cassa et vana, preter ea que superius sunt expressa.
[18] Item quod, si aliquis ex liberis seu ministerialibus dicti domini patriarche ammuterent gratiam ipsius domini patriarche, liceat dominis comitibus eos conducere ad gratiam eiusdem domini patriarche, si comites iidem pottaruntd; et si non potterinte, quod teneantur adiuvare dominum patriarcham. Et si aliqui, qui sunt predictorum comitum, amitterent gratiam ipsorum comitum, dictus dominus patriarcha teneatur facere illud idem.
[19] Item quod predicti domini comites habeant gelait1, sicut habuit quondam pater eorum, et homines eorum et suorum transeant sine muta, sicut tempore patris ipsorum fieri consuevit et in privilegiis iurorumque dicitur contineri.
[20] Item quod dictus dominus comes M(einhardus) pro se et domino Al(berto) comite fratre suo precise et absolute dimisit eidem domino patriarche et suis omnia iura eorum et ecclesie Aquilegensis. Et predictus dominus patriarcha remisit precise et absolute eidem domino M(einhardo) comiti pro se et fratre suo omnia iura eorum et suorum, salvis omnibus que superius sunt expressa.
[21] Item promisit sepefatus dominus M(einhardus) comes eidem domino patriarche supradicta omnia, que leguntur superius, pro se et domino comite Al(berto) fratre suo rata et firma habere et tenere et non contra venire aliquo umquam tempore ratione aliqua sive causa, et quod faciet quod idem comes Al(bertus) predicta omnia habebit rata et firma.
Ad que omnia et singula attendenda et observanda dictus dominus M(einhardus) comes pro se et dicto fratre suo, sub obligatione bonorum suorum, sub p[ena d]uorumf milium marcarum Aquilegensis monete, se dicto domino patriarche solempniter obligavit, si contra predicta vel aliquod predictorum ipse et frater eius aliquatenus facerent vel venirent. Et etiam sepefatus dominus patriarcha ad predicta omnia et singulag observanda et attendenda dicto domino M(einhardo) comiti et fratri suo prefato, sub pena aliorum duorum milium marcarum, sub obligatione bonorum ecclesie Aquilegensis, se solempniter obligavit, si contra [predicta vel]h aliquod predictorum faceret aliquatenus vel veniret, penisque predictis ab utraque parte solutis vel non, predicta omnia et quodlibet predictorum in sua nichilominus permaneant [firmitate]i.
In cuius rei evidentiam et stabilem firmitatem dictus dominus patriarcha et memoratus dominus M(einhardus) comes instrumentum presens fecerunt sigillorum suorum pendentium munimine roborari.
(SN) Ego Fridericus de Eberstain imperialis aule notarius hiis presens interfui et presens instrumentum in publicam formam redegi.
(SP D) (SP D)
a) ex menses corr. A. b) seq. data exp. pro deletione A. c) seq. et exp. pro deletione A. d) sic A: pro poterint. e) sic A. f) pena duorum] lac. A; sic ed. Joppi. g) et singula] add. cum sign. insertionis A. h) lac. A; sic ed. Joppi. i) lac. A; sic ed. Joppi.
1) Geleitrecht, the right of escort, that is, providing safe passage for a fee.
“De pace facta inter dominum patriarcham Gregorium et dominos Meynardum et Albertum comites Goritie. Item MCCLIV [sic!] pax facta inter dominum Gregorium patriarcham Aquilegensem ex parte una et dominos Maynardum et Albertum comites Goritie ex altera, in qua intervenerunt pacta, quod castrum Lucinici dirui debeat ex toto, ita quod per dominum patriarcham nec successores suos nec dominos comites nec successores eorum unquam debeat reedificari. Item quod castrum de Cormons reedificari non debeat in vita dicti domini patriarche, nisi de ipsius voluntate et consensu, salvo iure quod habere asserunt dicti comites in dicto castro.” – Thesauri claritas, opus saec. XIV, ed. Giuseppe Bianchi, Thesaurus ecclesie Aquileiensis (Udine 1847), doc. 312, p. 160.
The present document reveals that the 1260 attempt at a pacification between Patriarch Gregory of Montelongo and the counts of Gorizia bore no fruit (see doc. 1260_PG). On the contrary, the patriarch and his ordained advocates, brothers Maynard IV and Albert I of Gorizia, even waged war against each other between 1260 and 1264, although the casus belli and the course of the war remain undocumented. What is known, also based on this document, is that the duo tried to settle the matter by way of third-party arbitration and that the king of Bohemia, Ottokar II Přemyslid, along with Bohemian bishops (of Prague and Olomouc) were elected as arbiters, but the entire procedure also bore no fruit, as the parties agreed (article 17 in the present document) that this arbitration should be null and void. The Treaty of Buzet aimed to pacify the conflict by essentially maintaining the status quo and obliging the parties to mutual aid.
The lists of allies to which the parties refused to battle against (articles 8 and 9) are telling. Besides the emperor, the kings of Bohemia and Hungary, and the duke of Carinthia (Ulrich III Spanheim), common allies against whom neither of the parties would wage war, Gregory’s allies included the pope, the Commune of Padua (a Guelph city), the bishops of Trento and Feltre, the House of Da Camino, and the lords of Scharfenburg and Löwenburg; the counts of Gorizia would not fight against Conradin of House Hohenstaufen, the Commune of Verona (a Ghibelline city), Count Frederick I of Ortenburg and Count Frederick II of Krk together with his brothers (Bartolus IV and Vitus IV). House Da Camino, the counts of Ortenburg and the counts of Krk would all play important roles in the history of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in the decades to come, especially in the tumultuous first half of the 14th century.
In the context of Istrian history, the important factors of the treaty are the choice of the location – Buzet, the town subjected to the Aquileian patriarchs since 1102 (see doc. 1102_DW) in which the Church of Aquileia had numerous possessions by way of various donations (see Paschini, cited above) – and the inclusion of House Pula. Namely, Monfiorito of Pula was included in the treaty as a former enemy of the patriarch, although nothing more is said of his inimical actions. However, shortly after the promulgation of this treaty, in July of 1264, the patriarch personally paid a visit to Monfiorito, forcing the lord of Pula to submit himself to the Church of Aquileia and completely relinquish Motovun (see doc. 1264_MG). That would mean that Monfiorito tried to subject Motovun, a strategically invaluable town in the Istrian hinterlands that was de iure subjected to the Aquileian patriarchs. It should be noted that there is no mention of a “count of Pula” in the document but only of “the Commune of Pula” – Joppi simply erroneously transcribed “coe” under an abbreviation sign as “comes” instead of correctly as “commune”.
The document is also important as the very first mention of the ministerial of Rašpor – Philippus de Ratspurch. As later history of Rašpor testifies, this Philip was a ministerial of the counts of Gorizia. Rašpor would remain under House Gorizia until 1394 when it was pawned to Venice for ten thousand golden ducats. The pawn was never redeemed, and Venice ended up buying Rašpor in 1402 for a total of twenty thousand ducats.
The treaty of Buzet would subsequently be confirmed a number of times, remaining the main pillar upon which the fragile relations between the patriarch and his advocates would rest. It was only in the summer of 1267 that a new war would break out between Patriarch Gregory and his advocate, count Albert I of Gorizia, ushering in a new era in the history of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.