1202_PM | Fontes Istrie medievalis

Razdoblje

Vol. 3: A 1077 usque ad 1209

Serija

Diplomata

Acta communum Istriae

Datum

Between the 28th and the 31st of October, 1202

Mjesto

Muggia

Regest

Faced with the might of the Venetian navy and the crusading army on their way to Constantinople, the people of Muggia ask forgiveness from Doge Enrico Dandolo for their past transgressions, and promise fealty to the doge and the Commune of Venice, guaranteeing the safety and duty-free trading for the Venetians throughout their jurisdictions, aid in combating piracy in the zone from Rovinj northward, a tribute of twenty-five amphorae of wine paid yearly on St. Martin’s feast day and transported to the ducal palace in Venice, and generally to perform all the duties promised by other Istrian communities.

Subjekti

Mugla, commune (Muggia / Milje)

Enrico Dandolo, dux Veneciarum (1192-1205)

Piranum, commune (Piran / Pirano)

Izvornik

The original is lost; the text survives in the following manuscript traditions:

P = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Pacta e aggregati, Pactorum Liber II, fols. 153v–154v; a simple copy made in 1292, with the following heading written in red ink: Pactum Mugle.

L = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Pacta e aggregati, Liber Albus, fols. 257r–259r; a simple copy from the mid-14th century.

Both P and L are in turn based not on the original, but on a copy of the original made by notary Bartholomew in 1234, which has the following certification (as featured in both P and L): Ego Bartholomeus sacri palatii notarius hoc exemplum sumptum ex autentico Andree Conrado presbiteri et notarii atque plebani sigillis duobus cereis sigillatum bona fide, ut comperii, scripsi et exemplavi, nil addens vel minuens quod sententiam mutet, currente anno Domini M^oCC^oXXX^oIIII^o, indictione septima, mense octubris. This copy was originally part of Pactorum Liber I, but this fascicle was subsequently lost.

Izdanje

Pietro Kandler (ed.), Codice diplomatico istriano, 2nd ed. (Trieste 1986), doc. 194, pp. 359–362; apparently based on both PL, but with “silent” emendations.

Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich Tafel and Georg Martin Thomas (eds.), Urkunden zur älteren Handels- und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig, mit besonderer Beziehung auf Byzanz und die Levante, vol. 1: 814–1205 (Vienna 1856), doc. 97, pp. 396–403; based on L and the 17th-century copy of P, primarily following the copy of P.

FIM izdanje

Collated edition based on PL, primarily following P, the older and judged to be the better of the two surviving copies. The vast majority of the very many personal names appearing in the document are given in both copies in highly abbreviated forms, usually with just the initial of the first name (e.g. “O. filius Marini”). These abbreviations in the form of an initial letter followed by a dot were not expanded. Differences in PL between sibilant -ti and -ci are not reported in the critical apparatus. The edition follows P in the writing of -ç and -z and -w and -v; words differing only in -ç/-z and in -w/-v are not reported in the critical apparatus. The parts taken verbatim from the charter model (doc. 1202_PT) are given in petite font.

Transkripcija

In^a nomine domini nostri Iesu Christi.

Anno Domini millesimo ducentesimo secundo, mense octubris, indictione sexta, Mugle.

Exeunte de Veneciis glorioso ac magnifico domino nostro Henrico Dandulo Dei gratia Veneciarum, Dalmacie atque Chroacie duce, qui in Domini servitio * ultra mare * iturus erat cum magno exercitu navium, galearum et ussiriorum ac multitudine militum et peditum, altera * die post eius egressum * potencialiter et gloriose Pyranum applicuit. Nos vero homines Mugle, qui ipsius domini ducis indignationem incurreramus, cognoscentes de ipsius * adventu, * ne forte a suo exercitu lederemur, viros utique de melioribus terre nostre * ad eum * duximus destinandos: Widonem, videlicet, Ingilpretum gastaldionem, Gregorium, Lugonem, Crescentium^b, Amantinum, Dominicum da^c Delpreto, Martinum Tavanum, Almereum generum^d Adelpreti, Martinum de Ambrosio^e, Petrum de Auria, Wecellum^f de Viviano, Iohannem de Ratha, Bernardum de Adamo, Bertaboum iudicem, Dominicum de Marigo, Baldum, Marcuardum^g filium Bernardi, Almericum de Mugla et alios, dantes illis plenam virtutem et potestatem ut nos et terram nostram ac omnia nostra sue potentie supponerent, et omnia precepta illius, omni remota occasione, iurarent. Et sic omnes suprascripti viri, tam in animas eorum quam in nostras, iuraverunt *.

Factis itaque sacramentis, memoratus autem dominus dux, tamquam vir christianissimus et qui in Dei servitio ac totius christianitatis iter arripuerat^h, non considerata nostrorum malitia, benignissime nos ad suam gratiam revocavit, precipientes viris prefatis ut irent ad terram suam, nuntiantes quod gratie ipsius domini ducis restituti essemus, et quod se prepararentⁱ ad ipsum honorifice suscipiendum^j.

Adveniente quoque domino duce ad terram nostram cum suo exercitu copioso, recepimus cum ornatis sacerdotibus et clericis, candelis accensis, pulsantibus campanis, supponentes nos per omnia sue dominationis potencie.

Ipse vero dominus dux, convocatis hominibus terre nostre, precepit ut tale sacramentum illi facere deberemus, videlicet:

[1] Quod illi, usquedum vixerit, fideles essemus; post decessum vero illius, si ab eius successoribus fuerit nobis postulata fidelitas, quod eis facere teneamur.

[2] Et quod homines Veneciarum^k in personis et rebus in toto nostro districtu securos sine datione aliqua habebimus semper.

[3] Et quod servitia debita illi facere debeamus, sicut alie terre Ystrie^l faciunt, secundum nostram tamen possibilitatem.

[4] Et si contigerit piratas * a Rubino infra venire, quod nos ipsos persequi et rebellare debeamus. Et si capere * poterimus, captos ipsos domino duci * faciemus representari^m.

Quod vero sacramentumⁿ ad faciendum nobis * delectabile valde, et fecimus animo diligenti^o.

Nomina vero illorum qui iuraverunt sunt hec: W(ido) de Mugla, Inglipretus gastaldio, Gregorius Rimar, Cresentius^p filius Aldigarde, Amantinus, Maurus da Biunda, D. de Maca, D. de Mota, Simeon, Udelricus Malinfante, D. de Antonia, Martinus Damigo, Maurus de Solario, D. Gerlo, Martinus Maçola^q, Dominicus filius Sekino, Roardus, Ambrosius filius Ade, Martinus Gallo, Sancto^r filius Azi, Betheca^s, Orso filius Meclagni, M. Sprico, A. filius Cavelli, D. magister, Martinus Papa, M. Sulligo, Martinus de Tofania, A. Danna, B. Sallinbe^t, Laser^u, Benedictus, Michael Gramperna, M. de Bonatho, D. Futitor, W. Mathias, Marcuardus filius Gnardi, Marcuardus, Urso filius I., Martinus filius I., Bonifacius, D. Miris, M. de Negarda, A. filius Martini, Crescentius filius I., Adam Vicher, D. de Colmanno, A. de Nesleç, D. de Petenatho^v, I. de Forno, Thofanius, A. filius Ermot^w, I. faber, I. filius Fasoli, Artuichus^x de Blanthin, Romeus, Crescentius filius Peregrini, G. filius Fasoli, Romanus, D. de Stanico, B. de Ota^y, A. filius Topere^z, O. filius Marini, M. filius Bone, Albrigo^a', Martinus, B. iudex, M. Baudus, P. de Culmanno, I. Sarracenus^b', Ropreto, Crescentius Caurexano, Odelicus de Baudo, D. de Lazaro, D. de Iuda, Waltramus iudex, Maurus de Gatha, A. de Scoica, Silvester, I. Carnellus, Crescentius, Saumich, D. Dota, Bonaldus textor, Martinus filius Bertaldi iudicis, M. filius Bonaldi, Iacobus de Martino Pipo, M. da Delenda, Weçilis^c' ministerialis, Laurentius Vitre, D. Ponga, Topert de Venerio, Brigna, Maurus, Rodulfus, Martinus, Venerius, Sturlo, Martinus de Solario, M. faber, D. filius Lude, Andreas, A. filius Marci, P. filius Girardi, Vitalis filius Marche, B. filius Iohannis de Pandrea, R. Squartabaril, W. de Risolina, Martinus filius Gerdrii, Venerandus, O. filius Ribera, Marcur^d' filius Iohannis Sarlo, Vincentius^e' filius Filiside, C. filius Heler, Martinus filius Iohannis, Sitigna, Aimo filius Clavel, Ludo, Radivus miles, Artruip^f', Tofanius, M. filius Iohannis, O. frater plebani, T. filius Marie, Martinus Barad, M. frater Malinfant, A. filius Iohanniste, Iohannes filius Dominici Vilico, I. Dagita, A. de Radivo, Ingelpretus filius Bertaldi, Çeno, Walter, D. de Venerio, D. de Marino, W. magister, P. de Laçaro, A. gener gastaldionis, Ingildeo^g' filius Dulciani, A. filius Ronomi, Martinus de Crescentiis, D. filius Andree, Bertaldus de Wivilla, I. Sclavo, R. filius Andriol, Artuichus^h' de Hermiça, V. filius Sprachi, D. Trunco^i', M. Carnellus, Vientius de Bona, I. Salteco, Mercurius Bonderenga, Mingo, M. Caracausa, O. faber, L. de Spricho, I. de Venerando, I. de Pregra, A. de Paugnan, I. Pyranensis^j', B. filius Martini, B. riparius, B. de ser Luço, Elero de Veneranda, A. Spargo^k', B. Waltrinus, N. testor, A. de Peraga, W. de Manganellis^l', Catanius, P. Tuscanus, M. de Eretico, I. Biçantius, P. de Toperto, A. de Galterino, P. de Truçich, Vulve miles, Watramus de Porcaratha^m', M. Guaragno, M. iudex, G. de Habundantia, B. filius Michaelis, D. filius Michaelis^n', Epo, Weglus de la Toria^o', G. filius Odolrici, P. filius Ursonis, A. filius Bone, Vitalis da Bundantia, M. de Gossima, C. Dorsa, Salvagnus, nobilis Conradus, Annus, I. Tranquillus, P. de Premartino, P. de la Porta, S. filius presbiteri, I. de Sonve, Martinus Longa, C. Adrian, Crescentius de Rivald, Mainardus^p'.

Insuper etiam nos omnes homines Mugle, tam suprascripti quam alii, universaliter promittimus omnia suprascripta inviolabiliter observare.

Et quod omni anno perpetualiter nos et successores nostri vobis domino duci et vestris successoribus solvere debeamus vel solvi facere urnas boni vini puri de nostro territorio^q' vigintiquinque nostris expensis ad ducalem ripam * in festo Sancti Martini.

Igitur, si contra hanc pactionis, cautionis et promissionis^r' cartulam ire temptaverimus, componere promittimus cum nostris successoribus vobis et vestris successoribus auri obrici^s' libras centum.

Et hec pactionis et cautionis, * promissionis carta maneat in sua firmitate.

Huius rei testes fuerunt: Almericus testes Capud Ystrie^t', Iugus, Detalmus, Almericus, Matheus, Iacobus Baduarius^u', Iacobus Dauro, Fuscari, Boniolus, Angelus Acotanto, Iacobus Paschaligo et alii quamplures.

Ego Andreas Conrado presbiter et notarius atque plebanus rogatus interfui, complevi et roboravi.

Kritički aparat

a) spatium vacuum pro initiali littera capitali rel. P. b) Cresentium L. c) de L. d) L; ienerum et undique sic P. e) Ambroxio L. f) Vecillum L. g) Marchualdum L. h) aripuerat L. i) preparent L. j) L; recipiendum P. k) Veneciarium L. l) Istrie L. m) representare L. n) spatium vacuum circa 4 litterarum rel. P. o) dilligenti L. p) Crescentius L. q) Macola L. r) Scon seu Seon L. s) Bethecca L. t) Sallimbe L. u) Lasser L. v) Petenato L. w) Hermot L. x) Arthuicus L. y) Otta L. z) Tope L. a') L; Aborigo P. b') Saracenus L. c') Vercellus L. d') Marchur L. e') Vicentius L. f') Artrup L. g') Inghildon L. h') Arthuicus L. i') Truncho L. j') Piranensis L. k') Sparga L. l') Manganelis L. m') Porcarata L. n') L; Michael P. o') de la Toria] Dolatoria L. p') Maynardus L. q') teritorio L. r') promissionem L. s') obbici L. t') Capud Ystrie] sic P; Caput Histrie L. u') Badovarius L.

Medieval Recollections

See the "Medieval Recollections" in doc. 1202_PT.

Odabrana bibliografija

Bernardo Benussi, Nel Medio Evo: Pagine di storia istriana (Poreč 1897), pp. 678–680.

Walter Lenel, Die Entstehung der Vorherrschaft Venedigs an der Adria (Strasbourg 1897), p. 37.

Giovanni de Vergottini, Lineamenti storici della costituzione politica dell’Istria durante il Medio Evo, 2nd ed. (Trieste 1974), pp. 73–74.

Giovanni de Vergottini, “L’Impero e la ‘fidelitas’ delle città istriane verso Venezia,” Atti e memorie della Società istriana di archeolo-gia e storia patria 53 (1949), p. 96.

Franco Colombo, Storia di Muggia: Il comune Aquileiese (Trieste 1970), pp. 38–39.

Giuseppe Cuscito, “Il castello di Muggia: Dal castrum Muglae al Burgus Lauri,” Atti del Centro di ricerche storiche di Rovigno 25 (1995): pp. 287–289.

Thomas F. Madden, Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice (Baltimore–London 2003), p. 142.

Marialuisa Bottazzi, “Venezia e Trieste,” in Medioevo a Trieste: Istituzioni, arte, società nel Trecento, ed. Paolo Cammarosano (Rome 2009), pp. 66–67.

Darko Darovec, “I giuramenti di fidelitas delle città istriane nel XIIº secolo,” in Atti del convegno internazionale Venezia e il suo Stato da mar / Venice and its Stato da Mar Venezia / Venice, 9-11 marzo / March 2017, ed. Rita Tolomeo and Bruno Crevato-Selvaggi (Rome 2018), p. 32.

Opaske urednika

For the context of the pledging of this oath of fealty and the contents of the charter, see the “Editor’s Comments” section under doc. 1202_PT.

As with Trieste and other Istrian maritime communities, this oath pledged to Doge Enrico Dandolo did not eliminate the sovereignty of the patriarchs of Aquileia (see esp. Bottazzi, cited above).

The oath of fealty of Muggia is guaranteed by two hundred and four heads of households. Trieste’s oath of fealty, for comparison, featured 341 names (doc. 1202_PT). Based on this number, the population of Trieste was estimated to circa 1900 inhabitants. Based on the same methodology, Muggia would be smaller, with circa 1100 inhabitants.

This is the very first oath of fealty pledged to Venice by a community de iure subjected to the secular dominion of the patriarchs of Aquileia (see doc. 931_MA). All the other Istrian communities that had pledged fealty to Venice were either directly subjected to the Empire (Pula, Rovinj, Poreč, Novigrad, Umag, Koper), or under the authority of the bishops who, however, exercised their comital rights in the name of the Empire (Trieste).

Kako citirati

First citation: Josip Banić (ed.), Fontes Istrie medievalis, vol. 3: A 1077 usque ad 1209, doc. 1202_PM, fontesistrie.eu/1202_PM (last access: date).

Subsequent citations: FIM, 3: doc. 1202_PM.

Faksimil

Izvor i informacije o preslicima

The publication of the facsimiles of P (Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Pacta e aggregati, Pactorum Liber II, fols. 153v–154v) is granted free of charge by Archivio di Stato di Venezia by way of the “simplified procedure” of publishing archival facsimiles (La circolare della Direzione generale archivi n. 39 del 29 settembre 2017: procedura semplificata: pubblicazioni online che perseguano finalità scientifiche o pedagogiche, non beneficino di inserzioni pubblicitarie o commerciali e non siano soggette ad accesso a pagamento).

Photos by Archivio di Stato di Venezia.

The digital facsimiles remain under the exclusive copyright of Archivio di Stato di Venezia.