1077_HP

Razdoblje
Vol. 2: A 804 usque ad 1077
Datum
March 4, 1077
Mjesto
Regest

King Henry IV confirms the jurisdictions and immunities of the Bishopric of Poreč.

Izvornik
The original is lost and the document survives in two manuscript traditions:
B = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Miscellanea atti diplomatici e privati, busta 7, doc. 243; a vidimus from March 14, 1286, made by Beltram Papa of Milan and authenticated by two other notaries; the copy was once in the archive in Vienna, but it was subsequently transferred to Venice; the MGH editors, who believed the charter to be lost, used two modern transcriptions of this copy made by Wilhelm Wattenbach and Georg Friedrich Pertz; the copy features the following title:
In nomine domini nostri Iesu Christi, amen. Anno a nativitate Eiusdem millesimo ducentesimo octuagesimo sexto, indictione quarta decima, die iovis quarto decimo mensis martii. Cum venerabilis pater dominus Bonifatius Dei gratia episcopus Parentinus vocasset coram sua presentia in ecclesia Parentii omnes clericos, tam civitatis quam diocesis Parentii, presentibus dictis clericis qui voluerunt et potuerunt comode interesse, presentibus quoque multis de populo, tam viris quam mulieribus civitatis et diocesis Parentii, legi fecit infrascriptum privilegium et precepit mihi Beltramo notario infrascripto quod illud privilegium autenticarem et publicarem et in publicam formam redigerem, ita quod perpetuo valeat et teneat et ei fides adhibeatur tamquam publice, autentice et originali scripture, cuius privilegii tenor est, and the following authentications:
(SN) Ego Ypolitus domini R[aymundi] patriarche Aquilegensis, Ystrie atque Carniole incliti marchionis notarius hoc exemplum unacum Marco de Lena de Veneciis et Beltramo Papa de Mediolano notariis ab autentico scriptum coram predicto domino episcopo fideliter et diligenter ascultavi [sic], et quia utrumque concordare inveni, de ipsius domini episcopi mandato in eiusdem exempli plenam fidem et testimonium me subscripsi.
(SN) Ego Marcus de Lena imperiali auctoritate notarius hoc exemplum unacum Ypolito domini R. et Beltramo Papa de Mediolano notariis ab autentico scriptum coram predicto domino episcopo fideliter et diligenter ascultavi, et quia uttrumque [sic] concordare inveni, de ipsius domini episcopi mandato in eiusdem exempli plenam fidem et testimonium me subscripsi..
(SN) Ego Beltramus Papa civitatis Mediolani publicus imperiali auctoritate notarius predictis lectioni, autenticationi et publicationi interfui, scripsi et publicavi meoque signo consueto signavi rogatus ac illud privilegium ab autentico fideliter exemplavi, nil addens vel minuens quod sententiam mutet vel intelectum, ipsumque exemplum unacum Ypolito domini R. et Marcho de Lena de Veneciis coram prefato domino episcopo diligenter et fideliter ascultavi, et quia utrumque concordare inveni, de ipsius domini episcopi mandato in eiusdem exempli plenam fidem et testimonium me subscripsi.
C = Poreč, Biskupijski arhiv u Poreču, Porečka biskupija (Diocesis Parentina), Iurium episcopalium liber I, fols. 20v-21r; late 15th- or early 16th-century copy (of B?) under the following heading: Henricus rex donat et dotat ecclesiam Parentinam confirmandum privilegium Otthonis secundi.
All the other copies (local Istrian parish archives and the Vatican Apostolic Archive) stem from C.
Izdanje
Dietrich von Gladiss - Alfred Gawlik (eds.), Heinrici IV. diplomata, Monumenta Germaniae historica, Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae, vol. 6/2 (Hannover 1941-1978), doc. 290, pp. 379-380.
Mate Križman, “Isprava pape Aleksandra III. iz 1178.: Paleografski i filološki pristup,” in Libri žminjski: Libar drugi, ed. Slavko Krajcar (Žminj 2008), pp. 34–35; based on C and its later copy in Apostolic Archive in Vatican, Segretaria di Stato, Vescovi e Prelati 26, fols. 269r–v.
Ante Matan, "Excerpta manuscripti Canfanariensis: Vladarske listine i papinska povlastica iz kodeksa Monumenta capituli ecclesiae collegatiae sanctae Sophiae Duorum Castrorum ab anno 983-1815," Acta Histriae 21/4 (2013): pp. 524-27; edition based on later manuscript copies from the parish archive of Kanfanar, but with references to C in the critical apparatus.
FIM izdanje
Diplomatic edition based on B with different readings from C reported in the critical apparatus; the parts omitted from B but existing in C are given between square brackets; the text in petite font refers to the charter model, that is Otto II's 983 charter to the Bishopric of Poreč 983_OP.
Transkripcija

In nomine sancte et individue Trinitatis.

Heinricusa divina favente clementia Francorum et Longabardorum rex.

Si ecclesiarum Dei curam gerimus easqueb diligere studuerimus, nostri imperii fastidiumc augmentari minime ambigimus.

Quocirca omnium sancte Dei Ecclesie fidelium nostrorumque presentium scilicetd ace futurorum noverit universitas, qualiter * Alemarus sancte Parentine ecclesie episcopus nostram postulavit clementiam, * quatinus nos pro Dei amore nostreque anime remedio nostra preceptali auctoritate omnia predia sue ecclesie, que antea a nostris antecessoribus imperatoribus, regibus pro suarum animarum remedio prefate ecclesie donaveruntf, qua in basilica sancti beatum corpus Mauri requiescit, sive que ab aliquibus Deo devotis fidelibus data sunt, vel que danda erunt, confirmare et corroborare dignaremur.

Cuius dignis postulationibus aures nostre pietatis inclinantes pretaxate ecclesieg prediah nominativei:
[1] Montana,
[2] Rosarium,
[3] Nigrianum,
[4] turrim que est supra piscationem
j Nonek
[5] et
* Cervarel,
[6] et Medelanum,
[7] et castrum Pisinum,
[8]
et illud quod a * nostris antecessoribus largitum est, videlicet Ruvinum,
[9]
etm quantum ad Episcopatum sancte Parentine ecclesie donatum est, scilicet in loco qui dicitur Duo Castella et Valles
cum omnibus pertinentiis
* iuste acn legaliter ad predictum Episcopatum pertinentibus necnon villis, terris, campis, vineis, pratis, aquis aquarumque decursibus, molendinis, piscationibus, venationibus, montibus, planitiebus, valliso, cum omnibus rebus mobilibus et immobilibus que dici vel nominari possunt, seu in quocumque loco prenominatus Episcopatus terram habet, per hoc nostrum preceptum confirmamus eidem episcopo Alemaro suisque successoribus et corroboramus.

Precipientes denique iubemus, ut nullus dux, patriarcha, archiepiscopus, episcopus, marchio, comes, vicecomes nullaque Regni nostri magna vel parva persona pretaxatum episcopum suosque successores de omnibus predictis rebus molestare temptet nec ad ulla placita hominibus supra terram sancte Parentine ecclesie residentibus, qui ab ipsap reclamationem habent, sine advocato episcopi nullam contrarietatem facientq nec inviter ducantur nisi ante presentiam episcopi sine legali iuditio, sed liceat eidem presuli suisque succcssoribus quiete, * pacifice cuncta sua predia tenere et firmiter possidere, omnium hominum contradictione penitus remota.

Si quiss igitur nostre huius pagine violatort fuerit, quod minime credimus, sciat se compositurum auri boni libras mille, medietatem camere nostre et medietatem prefato presuli suisque successoribus.

Quod, ut verius credatur diligentiusqueu ab omnibus observetur, * manu propria * roborantes sigillo nostro * insigniri iussimus.

Signum domni Heinrici (SM) invictissimi regis.

[Gregorius cancellarius vice Hilthol]phiv archiepiscopi recognovi.

[Data IIII nonas]w martii anno Dominice incarnationis millesimo [sexagesimo]x, indictione tercia decimay, regni vero domni Heinrici tertii regis anno vigesimoz primo.

Actum Verone.

Feliciter, amen.a'

Kritički aparat

a) Henricus et undique sic C.  b) ipsasque C.  csic B; fastigium C et 983_OP.  d) silicet et saepe sic C.  e) atque C.  fsic BC et 983_OP: pro donata sunt/erant.  g) ecclesiae C et 983_OP.  h) prędia C.  i) nominative iter. C.  j) piscionem C.  k) Nonę C.  l) Cervariam C.  mom. C.  n) et C et 983_OP.  osic BC: pro vallibus.  p) episcopo C et 983_OP.  qsic BC et exemplar B 983_OP: pro faciant.  r) invitę C.  s) quid ex quis corr. C.  t) violatum ex corr. C.  u) diligentius C.  v) Gregorius—Hiltolphi] C; legi non potest quia attramentum evanuit B.  w) Data IIII nonas] C; legi non potest quia attramentum evanuit B.  xom. B.  y) indictione tercia decima] om. C.  z) vicesimo canc. C.  a') Feliciter, amen] om. C.

Medieval Recollections

King Rudolph I's 1291 confirmation charter issued to Bishop Boniface - edited here as doc. 1291_RP.

Emperor Charles V's 1529 confirmation charter issued to Bishop Hieronymus - soon to be edited here.

Mapped Toponyms

Odabrana bibliografija
Lujo Margetić, "Iz pazinske prošlosti (u povodu tisućljeća prvog spomena Pazina),” in Istra i Kvarner: Izbor studija (Rijeka 1996), pp. 147-154."
Ana Jenko Kovačić, "Iurium Episcopalium Liber I. poreške škofije: Predstavitev, tipološka opredelitev in analiza kodeksa," Zgodovinski časopis 74/3-4 (2020): pp. 328-59, esp. pp. 339-40.
Opaske urednika

The charter is almost a verbatim replica of Otto II's 983 confirmation charter (see doc. 983_OP).

The charter, however, presents great difficulties in determining its authenticity and dating.

First, the document is only preserved as a later copy, the oldest of which is the 1286 notarial document that was considered lost (it was lost already in 1937 when the MGH editors of Henry IV’s diplomata prepared their monumental edition), but that subsequently resurfaced in the State Archive in Venice.

This 1286 copy (B in this edition) differs from the late-15th-century copy in the Liber iurium episcopalium I (C in this edition) in several important places in the charter’s eschatocol.

Namely, B has the anno Domini dating unfinished (“anno Dominice incarnationis millesimo”) and the 13th indiction, whereas C has the anno Domini dating complete and stating the year 1060 (“anno Dominice incarnationis millesimo sexagesimo”), but without the indiction year. Both B and C date it to the 21st year of Henry III’s reign (although a case could be made for reading only “primo” instead of “vicesimo primo” in C as the first word is crossed out) and both have it issued in Verona.

Taking all of the eschatocol's elements into consideration, one arrives at only one plausible solution: the Henry III refers to a monarch who reigned from 1054 to 1105 as the king of the Romans (from his father’s death in October of 1056 as the sole monarch) – that Henry is customarily referred to in scholarship as Henry IV, but he at times appears in primary sources as Henry III because Henry I the Fowler (r. 919–936) had neither been crowned emperor nor did he have any authority in the Kingdom of Italy). Thus, the 21st year of his kingship corresponds either to the year 1075 or 1077 of Henry IV. The 13th indiction corresponds to the year 1075.

However, Henry IV was not in Verona in the March of 1075; he was in fact in Germany throughout that year.

In the March of 1077, however, Henry IV was indeed in Verona where he issued four charters to various recipients in the Regnum Italicum, including this one to the Bishopric of Poreč (cf. docs. 287-290 in MGH DD H IV, pp. 374-380). Out of these four, two (docs. 287–288) are dated anno Domini 1077, 15th indiction, 26th year of Henry’s appointment as the king of the Romans (“anno ordinationis Heinrici quarti regis XXVI”), and the 24th year of his kingship (“regni vero XXIV”). One document (doc. 287) even refers to the king as Henry III. Three documents were reviewed by Gregory, the bishop of Vercelli (doc. 289 lacks the recognitio and the dating).

The editors of the MGH edition proposed a creative, but informed solution: the original charter was drafted by the recipient, outside of royal chancery, and it must have featured a lacuna in the dating by anno Domini, hence the incomplete phrase in B “anno Dominice incarnationis millesimo”. This incomplete phrase was then carelessly “completed” by the late-15th-century copyist of C. Finally, the indiction “XIII” was simply erroneously copied instead of the original “XV” which would correspond to 1077, indeed a common mistake. Moreover, the document features both the intitulatio and the monogram that belong to Henry II’s diplomas, not Henry IV’s. Thus, the charter drafted outside of the imperial chancery must have been based completely on a nowadays lost charter of Henry II, which was in turn based on Otto II’s confirmation charter of 983 (doc. 983_OP). Finally, the recognitio clearly reveals the name of Hiltolph, the archbishop of Cologne, who was indeed the archchancellor of Henry IV’s Italian chancery at the time. Therefore, the charter’s authenticity is confirmed.

Compared with Otto II’s diploma of 983, the enumeratio bonorum is much more elegantly styled in this charter, removing any doubts regarding the antecedents of pronouns with carefully placed conjunctions: the original “et castrum Pisinum, Medelanum” is inverted and now sounds much better as “Medelanum et castrum Pisinum”; an “et” is added before the clause “quod a regibus largitum est”, removing any doubts that the clause refers to Rovinj; another “et” is added before the clause “quantum ad Episcopatum sancte Parentine ecclesie donatum est”, again removing any doubts that the clause refers to possessions in Dvigrad and Bale; finally, the awkward reference to King Hugh is completely removed. These improvements to the enumeratio bonorum were most probably made already in Henry II’s deperditum.

When he discovered this charter in 1286, Bishop Boniface aimed to rekindle the flame of an old conflict, one originally fought in the late 10th and 11th centuries between the bishops of Poreč and the patriarchs of Aquileia over the temporal jurisdictions of Rovinj, Dvigrad, and Bale. Interestingly, even though he had the charter read out loud in front of the audience of clergy and the citizens of Poreč and its territory, Bishop Boniface eventually gave up on this charter and went back to Otto II’s interpolated original which he brought before King Rudolph I, asking the monarch to confirm the charter (which he did in 1291, see doc. 1291_RP). He subsequently waged war armed only with Otto II’s charter of 983 and its confirmation by the incumbent King Rudolph I, but the charters proved to be particularly impotent weapons.

Bishop Boniface eventually failed in his attempt at resurrecting an episcopal lordship that, at least according to surviving primary sources, had never been realized. Just as his predecessors lost the battle against the patriarchs of Aquileia, so too did Bishop Boniface lose his, this time to Patriarch Raymond della Torre (who continued to hold Dvigrad and Bale), to the counts of Gorizia (who continued to hold Pazin and, most probably, various jurisdictions in Tar and Vižinada, although recognizing that they held them from the bishops of Poreč), and to Venice (who continued to hold the lion’s share of claimed territories: Motovun, Poreč, and Rovinj). This was also the last attempt at such a vast episcopal lordship in the Diocese of Poreč.

Kako citirati
First citation: Josip Banić (ed.), Fontes Istrie medievalis, vol. 2: A 804 usque ad 1077, doc. 1077_HP, fontesistrie.eu/1077_HP (last access: date).
Subsequent citations: FIM, 2: doc. 1077_HP.
Faksimil
 
 
Izvor i informacije o preslicima

The publication of the facsimile of B (Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Miscellanea atti diplomatici e privati, busta 7, document number 243) is granted free of charge by Archivio di Stato di Venezia by way of the “simplified procedure” of publishing archival facsimiles (La circolare della Direzione generale archivi n. 39 del 29 settembre 2017: procedura semplificata: pubblicazioni online che perseguano finalità scientifiche o pedagogiche, non beneficino di inserzioni pubblicitarie o commerciali e non siano soggette ad accesso a pagamento).

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