Era
Vol. 1: A seculo VI usque ad 803
Date
December 1, 723
Place
Regestum

Pope Gregory II writes to Aquileian patriarch Serenus, reminding him that he received the pallium at the behest of the Lombard king and that he ought to exercise his ecclesiastical rights within the confines of Lombard territories, not interfering with the jurisdictions of the Patriarchate of Grado.

Source
The original is lost; the document survives in copies inserted in three later chronicles:
B = Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, ms. Vaticanus Latinus 5269, fol. 12v-13r; a 13th-century copy of John the Deacon’s Istoria Veneticorum, written at the beginning of the 11th century; this is the oldest surviving manuscript that features the first part of John the Deacon’s chronicle as the older exemplar, the Urbinus Latinus 440, lacks the first part; the manuscript is digitalized and available for consultation online here.
C = Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, ms. Barberinus Latinus 502, fol. 3v; 12th-century copy, inserted in the so-called Chronica de singulis patriarchis novae Aquileiae, composed in the middle of the 11th century by an anonymous chronicler (an ecclesiastic of Grado), of which this is the codex optimus.
D = Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, ms. lat. Zanetti 400 (= 2028), fol. 56v–57r; 14th-century copy, inserted in Andrea Dandolo’s Chronicle of Venice, the so-called Chronica per extensum descripta, of which this is the codex optimus.
Previous Editions
Giovanni Monticolo (ed.), Cronache veneziane antichissime, vol. 1 (Rome 1890), pp. 12–13 (based on C), pp. 96–97 (based on B; = Istoria Veneticorum, ed. Luigi Andrea Berto (Bologna 1999), pp. 100, 102).
Wilhelm Gundlach (ed.), “Epistolae Langobardicae collectae,” in Epistolae Merowingici et Karolini aevi I, Monumenta Germaniae historica, Episolae 1 (Berlin 1892), doc. 8, pp. 698–699 (reconstructive edition).
Roberto Cessi (ed.), Documenti relativi alla storia di Venezia anteriori al mille, vol. 1 (Padua 1940), doc. 16, pp. 26–27 (reconstructive edition).
Ester Pastorello (ed.), Andreae Danduli ducis Venetiarum Chronica per extensum descripta, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, ser. 2, 12/1 (Bologna 1958), p. 110 (based on D).
FIM Edition
Reconstructive edition based on BCD, favoring C, with Gundlach’s and Cessi’s emendations reported in the critical apparatus.
Transcription

Gregorius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, dilecto fratri Serenoa.b

Tanto munere quisquec ditatur quantum in sublimitate positus de se ex mandato domini Redemptoris humiliter sentit. Etenim pastoralis dignitas singulariter ex humilitate ornatur, spernendum quippe apostolica lectio arguit elatos: “Et si accepisti, quid gloriaris quasid non acceperis?”1

Nam dum ad cumulum tui honoris, precibus eximiie filii nostri regis flexi, plurimum etiamf pro rectitudine fidei, quam te tuamque ęcclesiamg tenere eth amplectii cognovimus, provocati, palliumj tibi direximus, interdicentes et inter ceterak ne umquaml aliena iura invaderes, aut temeritatis ausum usurpares iurisdictionemn cuiusquam, sed ino his esses contentus, quęp usque hactenusq possedistir. Nunc vero, ut cognovimus, Gradensis presuliss niteris pervadere iura atque ex his quet possedit nunc usque usurpare. Ne ergo in quoquamu existas temerator, ex apostolica auctoritate precipimus, nev ullo modo terminos excedas ab eow possessosx, sed solum suffitiasy in his quęz te habeto, quea' modo usque possedisti, nec amplius quam in finibus procul dubio gentis Longobardorumb' existentibus gressum tendere presumasc', ut non iniusted' suscepissee' gratiam collatamf' pallii ex presumptione ostendas et inde apostolici vigore concilii, si inobediens fueris comprobatus g'/h' indignusi' iudiceris.

Data Kalendis decembris, indictione VII.j'

Critical apparatus

aseq. et cetera add. D.  b) Gregorius—Sereno] D; om. BC.  cCD; quis B et ed. Cessi.  dseq. si add. BD.  e) eximigi ed. Gundlach (ex errore?) .  f) ecciam D.  gC; ecclesiam BD.  h) tenere et] om. D.  iCD; amplectere B.  j) palleum C et saepe sic.  kseq. prohibentes add. D et ed. Cessi.  l) unquam B et ed. Cessi.  m) usu C.  n) iurisdictionis C.  oom. D.  pC; que BD; quae ed. Cessi.  qC; actenus BD.  r) posedisti D et saepe posidere loco possidere.  s) patriarche D.  t) quibus C; quae ed. Cessi.  uCD; quodam B.  vCD; nec B.  w) ab eo] CD; ad eum B.  x) possesos D.  y) solum suffitias] C; om. D; solum sufficiat B.  zC; que B; om. D.  a') te habeto, que] CD; om. B; te habeto quae ed. Gundlach et Cessi.  b'CD; Langobardorum B.  c'CD; presumas B.  d'seq. et add. Gundlach et Cessi; seq. te add. C.  e'seq. te add. D.  f'D; collata B; collati C.  g') conprobatus C.  h'seq. multum et add. B; seq. ulcione add. D.  i') dignus D.  j') Data—VII] C; om. BD.


1) Vulg, 1 Cor. 4, 7.

Medieval Recollections

“Hisdem etiam diebus Foriulensis ecclesia a Sereno presule regebatur, qui nullius iustitie expertus, sed usurpationis causa regia potestate ab apostolica sede pallium primus tantummodo acquisivit, ac huiusmodi epistolam a Gregorio antistite Romano accepisse dinoscitur.” – John the Deacon, Istoria Veneticorum, ed. Luigi Andrea Berto (Bologna 1999), p. 100.

“Huic successit Donatus antistes, cuius tempore Longobardi per fortiam Sereno Foroiulensis ecclesie archiepiscopo a summa sede palleum detulerunt apostolica primitus, cui beatissimus papa Gregorius epistolam direxit, interdicentem inter cetera ne umquam aliena iura invaderet aut temeritatis ausu usurparet iurisditionem cuiusquam, sed in his esset contentus que usque tunc possedisset, et ex auctoritate apostolica precepit ipse beatissimus papa ne ullo modo terminos excederet a Donato presule Gradense possessos, sed sibi sufficeret in his quę possidebat, nec amplius quam in finibus procul dubio gentis Longobardorum gressum tendere presumeret; quod si inobediens fuisset, apostolici vigoris indignus iudicaretur.” – Cronica de singulis patriarchis nove Aquileie, ed. Giovanni Monticolo, Cronache veneziane antichissime, vol. 1 (Rome 1890), pp. 11–12.

“Ad huius regis preces, Gregorius papa missit palium Sereno antistiti Aquileiensi, qui Petro sucesserat, quem, a tempore renovacionis sue sedis predecessores sui optinere minime potuerunt; eique inhibuit, ne unquam aliena iura invaderet, aut temeritatis ausu usurparet iurisdicionem cuiusquam, sed his esset contentus que usque actenus posiderat. Serenus, post hec, papalis inhibicionis contemptor, regio potitus auxilio, fines Gradensis ecclesie minorare nititur; quod dux, patriarcha et episcopi, atque plebea Venecie et Istrie grave ferentes, pape curo querimonia insinuant, et ulcionem exposcunt. Papa, autem, de inobediencia Sereni turbatus, ei rescribit et conquerentibus responsum tradidit, continencie subsequentis.” – Andrea Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta, ed. Ester Pastorello, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, ser. 2, 12/1 (Bologna 1958), p. 110.

Selected Bibliography
Paul Fridolin Kehr, “Rom und Venedig bis ins 12. Jahrhundert,” Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 19 (1927): pp. 45–46.
Roberto Cessi, “Nova Aquileia,” Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 88/2 (1928–1929): p. 546.
Harald Krahwinkler Friaul im Frühmittelalter: Geschichte einer Region vom Ende des fünften bis zum Ende des zehnten Jahrhunderts (Vienna 1992), pp. 79–80.
Peter Štih, “Gradež kot Aquileia nova in Split kot Salona nova? Lokalno zgodovinopisje in oblikovanje krajevne identitete,” Zgodovinski časopis, 71/3–4 (2017): p. 364.
Editor's Notes

This is the first and oldest known case of the papal conferment of the pallium to the patriarch of Aquileia. The pallium was conferred on the behest of the Lombard king, that is, Liutprand.

The letter also reveals that the patriarch of Aquileia began expanding his ecclesiastical authorities to the detriment of the Patriarchate of Grado. The pope reminds Serenus to remain within the confines of his ecclesiastical province, that is, the Lombard territories.

The letter forms part of the group of sources testifying to conflicts between the patriarchs of Grado and of Aquileia regarding the metropolitan jurisdiction in the ecclesiastical province Venetia et Histria, a conflict that sprang from the 607 division into two patriarchates (doc. 607_HL) and officially ended only in 1180 (document soon to be edited here).

How to Cite
First citation: Josip Banić (ed.), Fontes Istrie medievalis, vol. 1: A seculo VI usque ad 803, doc. 723_GS, fontesistrie.eu/723_GS (last access: date).
Subsequent citations: FIM, 1: doc. 723_GS.