Berthold V of Andechs, patriarch of Aquileia, and Count Maynard II of Gorizia, his advocate, promise to Doge Pietro Ziani and to the Commune of Venice the safety of Venetians living and operating within the confines of the temporal dominion of the Aquileian Church; promise to reimburse any Venetian if they end up robbed in the Patriarchate; to inform the Venetians if they find out that the Empire is planning any hostilities against them; and define the competences of the vicedominus of Aquileia; Venetians are promised exemptions from customs duties throughout the secular dominion of the Aquileian patriarchs and privileged judicial status.
Ina nomine Illius qui docet hominem scientiam, amen.
Hoc est pactum firmatumb et stabilitum inter dominum patriarcham Aquilegensemc et dominum ducem Venecie, videlicet quod dictus dominus patriarcha facit iuramentum pro sed presente prestarie et dominus comes de Guricia advocatus domus Aquilegensis1 iurat per semetipsum:
[1] Quod omnes Veneti securi erunt, tam inf personis quam mobilibus et immobilibusg infra ducatum Aquilegensis Patriarchatus.
[2] Et tanto plus, ut si aliquis homo exiret per aliquod flumen aut per aliquem locum de districtu Aquilegensis Patriarchatus in mare et inferret violentiam aut aliquod dampnum alicui Venetorum a portu qui appellatur Basilice usque ad portum Primarium, dominus patriarcha memoratus infra dies triginta postquam ad eum fuerit querimonia delata secundum suum posseh debet et tenetur omnia ablata patientibus dampnumi seu violentiam facere in integrum exhiberi. Et si hoc facere nequiret, ipse dominus patriarcha infra alios dies triginta tenetur solvere totum dampnum illatum hominibus Venetis de camera propria.
[3] Insuper quidem dominus dux Venecie habere debet suum vicedominum in terra Aquilegie ad faciendum plenam rationem et iusticiam omnibus petentibus et conquerentibus de Venetis, tali quidem ordine quod, si aliqua sententia tempore aliquo a prefatoj vicedomino lata fuerit vel querimonia coram eo facta contra aliquem non de iurisdictione domini ducis, ipse potest appellare, si voluerit, ad prefatum dominum ducem; et si Veneti habuerint aliquid controversie versus aliquem hominem, ipsi Veneti possunt et debent aut coram domino patriarcha aut eius advocatis et comitis pretaxati de Guriciak rationem et iusticiam petere; et si memorati Veneti fuerint in iuditio coram dictis advocatis, ipsi possunt appellare ad dominum patriarcham, si voluerint.
[4] Item nullus homo potest ferre testimonium contra Venetum nisi Venetus, secundum usum consuetudinemque curie Ducatusl Venecie.
[5] Et omnes Veneti qui dicuntur “portulani” habent licentiam sine aliquo banno et contradictione hominis alicuius portare et accipere de Aquilegia tantam blavam que sit eis et toti familie de domo sua sufficiens, et dictam blavam tantum Venecias aportare; et omnes Veneti cambientesm salem, cepas et allean per aliquam blavam habento licentiam sine banno et contradictione alicuius portandi quocumque voluerint ipsam blavam.
[6] Insuper, et si aliqua pignora facta fueritp a Venetis supra homines ducatus totius Patriarchatus vel ab hominibus antedicti ducatus supra Venetos, nisi inter eos comunis esset discordia, Veneti qui dicuntur “portulani”q non debent pignorari infra terminos pretaxatos nec etiam in toto ducatu sedis patriarchalis.
[7] Et si comunis contingeret discordia inter nominatas personas evenire, tam per preceptum imperatoris destinatum ad ipsum dominum patriarcham ad dandam licentiam Venetisr, quod ipsi exirent de terra sue iurisdictionis, tam per se ipsum dominums patriarcham quam etiam per dominum ducem Venetis percipientem exire de terra totius ducatus iurisdictionis patriarchalis, dictus dominus patriarcha tenetur dare omnibus Venetis inventis in toto antedicto ducatu Patriarchatus Aquilegensis licentiam et securitatem plenam, tam in personis quam in rebus eorum, infra dies quindecimt usque ad portum Basilice et adu iam dictum portum Primarium.
[8] Item vicedominus, qui erit in terra Aquilegie tempore aliquo per dominum ducem supradictum, habere debet quadragesimum de duabus stationibus – una posita in ruga de draparia etv alia posita in foro sancti Iohannis Aquilegensis Patriarchatus – secundum voluntatem ipsius vicedomini; et etiamw ipse vicedominus habere debet per dominum ducem stateras, libras, mensuras et rubum inter homines Venetos, reditusx eorumdem percipiens ipsey vicedominus pro sua utilitate; et ipse vicedominus de suis bonis in toto ducatu memorato nullum debet persolvere datium.
[9] Item omnes offense que facte fuerint in predicto ducatu Aquilegensis Patriarchatus per dictum vicedominum debent puniri, excepta sanguinis pena, que debet puniri per sepedictum dominum ducem Veneciez.
[10] Et antedicti Veneti in toto ducatu sepedicto nullum tenentur nec debent datium solvere, excepta mutaa' secundum usum, casatico hospitum et recto ficto de possessionibus, secundum usum terre Aquilegensis.
[11] Insuper quidemb', si aliquis non de iurisdictione prelibati domini patriarchec' veniretd' per mare et inferret aliquam violentiam seu dampnume' Venetis memoratis infra dictos terminos, dominus patriarcha de quolibet debet rationem et iusticiam ipsis Venetis exhiberef', si tempore aliquo inventus fuerit malefactor in toto ducatu Aquilegensis Patriarchatus.
[12] Et antedictus dominus patriarcha Ducatui Venecie dare debetg' duodecimh' panes, quorum quilibet esse debet unius starii, de celario ipsius dominii' patriarche, et duodecim porcos omni annoj'; et suis expensis dictosk' duodecim panes et duodecim porcos ipse dominus patriarcha mittere debet usque ad palatium prefatil' domini ducis Venecie.2
Actum apud Venecias in hospitali sancte Marie Cruciferorum, in presentia domini Conradi episcopi Tergestini, domini Conradi Aquilegensium scolarum magistri et canonici, domini Frederici de Cavoriaco, domini Mathei de Rivarotta, Conradi dapiferi domini patriarche predicti, Ottolinim' de Glemona, domini Gabrielis de Prata et aliorum multorum, anno Domini Mon' CCo XXIIo, VIII dieo' exeunte iunio, indictione Xp'.
Ego Leonardus domini patriarche predicti clericus et notarius iussu ipsius hanc cartam scripsi et sigilli ipsius domini patriarche munimine roboravi.q'
a) saptium vacuum pro littera initiale rel. P1P2. b) firmum P1P2. c) Aquilegie P2 et saepe sic loco Aquilegensis. d) pro se] eo P1. e) ex prestara corr. P1. f) om. P1P2. g) inmobilibus P1P2. h) secundum suum posse] del. P2. i) dapnum P1. j) prefacto P1 et saepe sic. k) Guritia P1P2. l) Duchatus P2 et saepe sic. m) cabientes P1; cambiantes P2. n) aleum P1; alleum P2. o) habeant P2. p) fuerint P1P2. q) qui dicuntur portulani] om. P1P2. r) om. P2. s) om. P1P2. t) XV P1. u) om. P2. v) P1P2; om. M. w) om. P2. x) ex hereditus corr. P1; redditus P2. y) om. P1P2. z) puniri per sepedictum dominum ducem Venecie] per sepedictum dominum ducem Venecie puniri P1P2. a') P1P2; mudua (lect. dub.) M. b') siquidem P2. c') patriarce P1. d') venerit P1P2. e') dapnum P1. f') exibere P1. g') seq. omni anno add. P1P2. h') XII P1P2 et undique sic. i') om. P1P2. j') omni anno] om. P1P2. k') om. P1P2. l') P2; prefacti P1; om. M. m') Otholini P2. n') millesimio P2. o') VIII die] die octavo P2. p') decima P2. q') Actum—roboravi] om. M; add al. man. P1.
1) Count Maynard II of Gorizia, advocate of the Church of Aquileia.
2) The peculiar symbolic tribute stems from the mid-11th century; see more on that in doc. 1162_PAV.
Patriarch Berthold’s promise to uphold the said treaty, given by way of his representative John of Portis on May 14, 1227 – edited here as doc. 1227_VB.
"[sub anno 1222:] Patriarcha vero cum comite Goricie advocato suo Veneciam veniens, cum duce pacem firmavit." – Andrea Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta, ed. Ester Pastorello, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, ser. 2, 12/1 (Bologna 1958), p. 289.
The pact would serve as one of the templates upon which the 1254 treaty between Venice and Patriarch Gregory of Montelongo was modeled – edited here as doc. 1254_VG.
The 1222 treaty between Patriarch Berthold and Venice was signed in a moment that heavily favored Venice – the aftermath of the costly war between the Patriarchate and the Commune of Treviso (see more in Reinhard Härtel, “Il comune di Treviso e l’area patriarchina (secoli XII–XIV),” in Storia di Treviso, vol. 2: Il Medioevo, eds. Daniela Rando and Gian Maria Varanini (Venice: Marsilio, 1991), pp. 213–241, esp. pp. 224–225). Following the end of hostilities, a new treaty with Venice signaled the return of safe passage throughout Friuli and the temporal dominion of the Aquileian patriarchs.
The 1222 pact essentially confirms the 1218 treaty, edited here as doc. 1218_VB, (which was, in turn, a confirmation of the 1206 treaty, edited here as doc. 1206_VW), but adds seven new articles, all favoring Venetian traders and merchants doing business in Friuli (e.g., exemption from all custom duties throughout the secular dominion of the Aquileian patriarchs). More importantly, this is the first treaty mentioning a vicedominus in Aquileia, a Venetian official appointed by the doge tasked with administering justice to the Venetians and overseeing the Venetian commerce in the city. In the court of law, it was decreed that only Venetian may testify against a Venetian. Thus, the Venetians essentially became privileged citizens throughout the Patriarchate of Aquileia, exempted from customs duties and with a privileged judicial status.
While merely continuing the evolutionary thread of older pacts signed between the Aquileian patriarchs and the Commune of Venice, the 1222 treaty is not textually modelled according to older pacts, but presents a new redaction.
The 1222 pact would be changed in 1248 with the signing of a new treaty between Patriarch Berthold and Venice, edited here as doc. 1248_VB.
The publication of the facsimile of M (Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Miscellanea ducali e atti diplomatici, busta 5, doc. C/2) is granted free of charge by Archivio di Stato di Venezia by way of the “simplified procedure” of publishing archival facsimiles (La circolare della Direzione generale archivi n. 39 del 29 settembre 2017: procedura semplificata: pubblicazioni online che perseguano finalità scientifiche o pedagogiche, non beneficino di inserzioni pubblicitarie o commerciali e non siano soggette ad accesso a pagamento).
Photo by the editor.
The digital facsimile remains under the exclusive copyright of Archivio di Stato di Venezia.