Pope Innocent II confirms to Henry Dandolo, the incumbent patriarch of Grado, the patriarchal dignity, properties, jurisdictions and metropolitan authority over the ecclesiastical province of the Church of Grado, along with the right to bear the cross and pallium on specific feast days.
‡Innocentius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, venerabili fratri Henrico patriarchę Gradensi eiusque successoribus regulariter substituendis in perpetuum.‡
Tunc Apostolicę Sedi et Romanis pontificibus honor integre conservatur, si unicuique ęcclesię collata dignitas custoditur. Et quemadmodum nulli debemus ultra quam meretur favente gratia impertiri, ita nemini, quod sui iuris est, stimulante ambitu nos convenit derogare.
Quanto ergo maiori prerogativa nosceris sublimatus, tanto propensius tibi noveris attendendum, ut in corrigendis subditis plus aput te possit ratio quam potestas, atque te boni dulcem et mali pium sentiant correctorem. Personas diligas, vitia persequaris, ne si aliter agere forte volueris, transeat in crudelitatem correctio, et perdas quos emendare desideras, sicque vulnus debes abscindere, ut non possis ulcerare quod sanum est, ne si plusquam res exigit, ferrum impresseris, noceat cui prodesse festinas, sed sic alterum condiatur ex altero, quatenus et boni habeant amando quod caveant, et mali metuendo quod diligant.
Quapropter, venerabilis frater ‡Henrice‡ patriarcha, tuis postulationibus clementer annuimus, et Gradensem ęcclesiam, cui auctore Deo preesse dinosceris, presentis scripti patrocinio communimus. Igitur predecessorum nostrorum Pelagii1, Alexandri2 et Urbani secundi3 auctoritatem sequentes, illius precipue constitutionis tenorem servantes quam predecessor noster Leo nonus papa sanctissimus et sinodali iudicio et privilegii pagina confirmavit,4 tibi tuisque successoribus canonice substituendis patriarchalem concedimus dignitatem, et magisterium Gradensis ęcclesię gerendum in his tantum finibus confirmamus, qui per supradictos predecessores eidem noscuntur ęcclesię constituti.
Crucem quoque ante te ferendam esse concedimus, nisi cum Romę fueris aut in presentia vel comitatu Romani pontificis.
Palleum etiam fraternitati tuę plenitudinem videlicet pontificalis officii ex Apostolicę Sedis liberalitate largimur, quo intra ęcclesiam tuam ad missarum sollempnia celebranda uti memineris eis diebus, quibus predecessores tuos usos fuisse non ambigimus, videlicet in Nativitate Domini, Epyphania, Ypopanton, tribus festivitatibus sanctę Marię, Cena Domini, Sabbato Sancto, Resurrectione Domini, Ascensione, Pentecoste, in Natalitio sancti Iohannis Baptistę et Omnium Apostolorum, in festivitatibus quoque sancti Marci, protomartiris Stephani, sancti Laurentii, sancti Martini, in sollempnitate Omnium Sanctorum, et principalibus ecclesię tuę festis necnon in ecclesiarum, episcoporum et ceterorum clericorum consecrationibus et anniversario consecrationis tuę die.
Statuimus etiam ut quecumque bona, quascumque possessiones Gradensis ęcclesia in presentiarum iuste et canonice possidet, aut in futurum iustis modis poterit adipisci, firma tibi tuisque successoribus et illibata permaneant.
Porro ecclesias a religiosis viris eidem ęcclesię Gradensi oblatas per parrochias eiusdem provincię constitutas tibi tuisque successoribus libere confirmamus, ita ut nulli episcopo liceat absque tuo assensu in eis consecrationes celebrare aut sacerdotibus in eisdem Domino servientibus, donec in locis ipsis fuerint, divina officia prohibere.
Decernimus ergo ut nulli omnino hominum fassit prefatam ęcclesiam temere perturbare aut eius possessiones auferre, minuere aut aliquibus vexationibus seu infestationibus fatigare, sed omnia integra conserventur eorum pro quorum gubernatione ac sustentatione concessa sunt usibus omnimodis profutura.
Si qua igitur in futurum ęcclesiastica secularisque persona hanc nostrę constitutionis paginam sciens contra eam temere venire temptaverit, secundo tertiove commonita, si non satisfactione congrua emendaverit, potestatis honorisque sui dignitate careat, reamque se existere divino iudicio de perpetrata iniquitate cognoscat, et a sacratissimo corpore ac sanguine Dei et domini nostri Iesu Christi aliena fiat, atque in extremo examine districtę ultioni subiaceat.
Cunctis autem eidem ęcclesię sua iura servantibus sit pax domini nostri Iesu Christi, quatenus et hic fructum bonę actionis percipiant et apud districtum Iudicem premia eternę pacis inveniant.
‡Amen.‡ ‡Amen.‡ Amen.
(R) Ego Innocentius catholicę Ecclesię episcopus subscripsi. (BV)
(SC) Ego Guilelmus Prenestinus episcopus subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Gerardus presbiter cardinalis tituli Sanctę Crucis in Hierusalem subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Anselmus presbiter cardinalis tituli Sancti Laurentii in Licina subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Lucas presbiter cardinalis tituli Sanctorum Iohannis et Pauli subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Guido indignus sacerdos subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Azo presbiter cardinalis tituli Sanctę Anastasię subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Gregorius diaconus cardinalis Sanctorum Sergii et Bacchi subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Guido cardinalis diaconus Sancti Adriani subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Hubaldus diaconus cardinalis Sanctę Marię in Via Lata subscripsi.
(SC) Ego Grisogonus diaconus cardinalis Sanctę Marię in Porticu subscripsi.
Datum Pisis per manum ‡Almerici‡ sanctę Romanę ęcclesię diaconi cardinalis et cancellarii II idus iunii, indictione XIIIIa, incarnationis Dominicę anno MoCoXXXoVI, pontificatus autem domini ‡Innocentii papę‡ II anno VIto.
(SP D)
1) Doc. 579_PPG.
2) Doc. 1064_PG.
3) Doc. 1095_PG.
4) Doc. 1053_PG.
“Hoc tempere Henricus Dandulo ex patre Dominico, etate iuvenis, moribus et sciencia circumspectus, patriarcha efficitur. Hic ab Innocencio papa vocatus Pisis ad concillum celebrandum accessit, et ab illo patriarchalis sedis in Grado ussus palei et delacionis crucis ante se confirmacionem optinuit.” – Andrea Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta, ed. Ester Pastorello, RIS, ser. 2, 12/1 (Bologna 1958), p. 238.
Parts of this Innocent II’s charter will be used as a charter model for all the subsequent conferrals of the pallium to the patriarchs of Grado, at least up to the middle of the 13th century, and some of those will explicitly reference this document:
Pope Lucius II’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Enrico Dandolo – edited here as doc. 1144_PG.
Pope Adrian IV’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Enrico Dandolo – edited here as doc. 1157_PG2.
Pope Alexander III’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Enrico Dandolo – edited here as doc. 1161_PG.
Pope Lucius III’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Enrico Dandolo – edited here as doc. 1182_PG.
Pope Urban III’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Enrico Dandolo – edited here as doc. 1186_PG.
Pope Innocent III’s conferral of the pallium to Patriarch Angelo Barozzi – edited here as doc. 1213_PG.
As Paul Fridolin Kehr (cited above) succinctly noted, Pope Innocent II essentially ended the centuries-long conflict between the patriarchs of Grado and Aquileia over the metropolitan jurisdiction over Istrian bishoprics already in 1132, deciding in favour of the Aquileian Patriarchate (doc. 1132_PI).
When the Council of Pisa convened in June 1135, the new patriarch of Grado, Enrico Dandolo, received the official conferral of the pallium together with a papal privilege confirming the rights and jurisdictions of his church. Even in the arenga (Tunc Apostolicę— convenit derogare), there is the motif of “to each their own” and how no one should demand more than their rightful due, a clear reference, according to Kehr, to the conflict between the churches of Grado and Aquileia. Even the jurisdictions of the Patriarchate of Grado are in this charter confirmed “only within those boundaries which are known to have been established for that same church by the aforesaid predecessors”.
At the same time, however, the pope confirmed the privileges of Pope Pelagius II (doc. 579_PPG), a blatant 11th-century forgery favoring the Patriarchate of Grado, the two nowadays lost conferrals of the pallium, issued by popes Alexander II (doc. 1064_PG) and Urban II (doc. 1095_PG), and the two documents issued by Pope Leo IX in favor of the metropolitan rights of the Church of Grado (doc. 1053_PG). By explicitly including these privileges in his charter, Pope Innocent II provided the patriarchs of Grado all the tools needed to reignite the centuries-old conflict with the Church of Aquileia. Therefore, even if Pope Innocent II de facto ended the conflict in Aquileia’s favor, the dispute was still not officially concluded.
The conflict officially ended only in 1180, when the patriarch of Grado, the very Enrico Dandolo, officially relinquished all the claims to the metropolitan jurisdictions over Istrian bishoprics, de iure sanctioning what Pope Innocent II de facto decided back in 1132 (see doc. 1180_GA).
This charter will be used as a template for subsequent conferrals of the pallium to the patriarchs of Grado (see Medieval Recollections above). Interestingly, even after the 1180 compromise that legally ended the dispute between the two patriarchs, the papal conferrals of the pallium would continue to explicitly mention both Pelagius II’s forgery and Leo IX’s privilege sanctioning Grado as “Aquileia Nova”.