1093_PAC

Era
Vol. 3: A 1077 usque ad 1209
Date
May 12, 1093
Place
Regestum

Henry IV, emperor of the Romans, re-donates the March of Carniola to the Patriarchate of Aquileia. 

Source
The original is lost; the text survives in the following manuscript traditions:
C = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Consultori in iure, ms. 345, fol. 12v; mid-15th-century simple copy.
D = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Consultori in iure, ms. 366/3, fols. 18v–19r; a copy authenticated by eight notaries on September 14, 1481, made by Thomas Taureanus of Spilimbergo on the mandate of the Venetian deputy in Friuli Giacomo Venerio; the copy has the following heading, added on the left margin in red ink: 1091, restitutio Henrici tertii imperatoris Wolderico patriarche de Marchia Carniole.
E = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Consultori in iure, ms. 366/5: Privilegia et iura illustrissimi ducalis Dominii Venetiarum et cetera contra comitem Goritie et cetera presentata per Thomasium Taureano, fol. 4r–v; a copy authenticated by notary Peter Passerini on February 15, 1486; the copy is made ex autenticis privilegiis et registris ac libro Thesauri sancte Aquilegiensis ecclesie; the copy is titled in the opening table of contents with the following heading: Privilegium Henrici tercii imperatoris qui, seductus pravo consilio, Marchiam Carniole ademerat patriarche, saniori consilio ductus eam restituit Ulrico patriarche Aquilegiensi et successoribus suis cum omni iurisdictione et cetera.
Previous Editions
Dietrich von Gladiss and Alfred Gawlik (eds.), Heinrici IV. diplomata / Die Urkunden Heinrichs IV., Monumenta Germaniae historica, Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae, vol. 6/2 (Hannover 1941–1978), doc. 432, pp. 577–578; based solely on CD.
FIM Edition
Collated edition based on CDE; words differing only in sibilant -ti/-ci are not reported in the critical apparatus; -ę introduced in D is standardized as -e; passages differing from the MGH edition are reported in the critical apparatus.
Transcription

Henricus Dei gratia tertius Romanorum imperator Augustus.

Notum sit omnibus Christi nostriquea fidelibus, tam futuris quam presentibus, qualiter nos tempore Sigerardib patriarche bone memorie pro fideli servitio eius et pro petitione aliorum fidelium nostrorum quandam Marchiam nomine Carniolam Aquileiensic ecclesie ob honorem sancte Dei genitricis Marie sanctique Hermacore dedimus; postea vero, consilio quorundam non bene nobis consulentium, eandem Marchiam predicte ecclesie subtrahendo abstulimus alii eam concedentes.

Nunc igitur recognoscentes iusticiam ad reconciliandam nobis sanctam Dei genitricem Mariam prefate ecclesie reddidimus et pro remedio anime nostre, tumd pro dilectione et fideli servitio Udelricie patriarche fidelis nostri et dilectissimi consanguinei, tumf ob interventum fidelium nostrorum, videlicet Mengenguardig Frisingensis episcopi et Dieboldi marchionis, Burchardih marchionis, Werneriii marchionis, Henrici de Hoverdorsj, Burchardi fratris Burchardik marchionisl, Adalbertim de Ortenburch, Amelrici de Busco aliorumque, quos nominare longum est, predictam Marchiam Aquileiensi ecclesie ad honorem sancte Marie sanctique Hermacore in proprium dedimus cum tali iure et iusticia, qua eam nos habuimus et antecessores nostri reges vel imperatores habuerunt, ea scilicet ratione, ut predictus scilicetn Udolricus patriarcha eiusque successores liberam potestatem inde habeant possidendi, obtinendi vel quicquid illis ad utilitatem ecclesie placuerit inde faciendi.o

Et [ut]p huius traditionis auctoritas omni evo firma et inviolata permaneat, hanc chartamq inde conscribi et sigilli nostri impressione iussimus insigniri.

Signum domini Henrici tercii Romanorum imperatoris.

Henricusr cancellarius vice Recovradis archicancellarii recognovi.

Data est IIIIo idus maiit anno ab incarnatione Domini MoLXXXXI, indictione Ia, anno autem domini Henrici regni eius XXVIII , imperii vero VIIIIou.

Actum Papie.

Feliciterv in Christi nomine, amen.

Critical apparatus

aD; nostrisque CE.  bsic CDE; Sigehardi ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  c) Aquilegiensi et undique Aquilegia/Aquilegiensis D; Aquilegensi et undique Aquilegia/Aquilegensis E.  dE; dum CD.  e) Vdolrici ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  fE; dum CD.  gsic CDE; Meginwardi ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  h) Bruocardi D; Bruccardi E.  iE; Warnerii CD; Werinheri ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  jsic CDE; Hoverdorf ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  k) Burcardi D.  l) Wernerii—marchionis] add. signo insertionis D.  mD; Adhelberti CE; Adelberti ed. Gladiss–Gawlik.  n) silicet et undique sic D; om. E.  o) Restitutio Marchie Carniole ecclesie Aquileiensi que post primam donationem fuerat ei subtracta add. in marg. sin. C.  pom. CDE; em. Gladiss–Gawlik.  q) cartam E.  rsic CDE: pro Humbertus, sicut em. Gladiss–Gawlik.  ssic CDE: pro Rǒthardi, sicut em. Gladiss–Gawlik.  t) mai D.  u) XXVIIII E.  vDE; foeliciter C.

Selected Bibliography
Pio Paschini, “Vicende del Friuli durante il dominio della casa imperiale di Franconia,” Memorie storiche forogiuliesi 9 (1913): pp. 279–280.
Heinrich Schmidinger, Patriarch und Landesherr: Die weltliche Herrschaft der Patriarchen von Aquileia bis zum Ende der Staufer (Graz–Cologne 1954), p. 73
Karl-Engelhardt Klaar, Die Herrschaft der Eppensteiner in Kärnten (Klagenfurt 1966), pp. 56–57, 111.
Paolo Cammarosano, “L’alto medioevo: Verso la formazione regionale,” in Storia della società friulana: Il medioevo, ed. Paolo Cammarosano (Tavagnacco 1988), p. 90.
Werner Vogler, “Ulrich von Eppenstein, Patriarch von Aquileja und Abt von St. Gallen, und das Kloster Moggio im Friaul,” Zeitschrift für schweizerische Kirchengeschichte 87 (1993): pp. 92–93.
Ian S. Robinson, Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106 (Cambridge 2000), pp. 285–286.
Peter Štih, The Middle Ages between the Eastern Alps and the Northern Adriatic: Select Papers on Slovene Historiography and Medieval History (Leiden–Boston 2010), pp. 252, 260–261.
Josip Banić, “Marchionatus Istrie origo mythosque Wodalrici marchionis: (Re)interpreting the Genesis of the March of Istria and the Socio-Genealogical Background of its First Margraves (c. 1060 – c. 1100),” in Mens acris in corpore commodo: Festschrift in Honour of the 70th Birthday of Ivan Matejčić, ed. Marijan Bradanović and Miljenko Jurković (Motovun–Zagreb 2021), pp. 205–208.
Editor's Notes

The charter marks the second donation of Carniola to the Church of Aquileia, the first one being withdrawn due to “the advice of bad advisors” as stated in the hereby edited charter. For the first donation of Carniola in 1077 and its subsequent revocation, see doc. 1077_HCA.

The charter forms part of Henry IV’s “apology” to the Patriarchate of Aquileia, his bastion in the Alpine–Adriatic region, for having revoked both the donation of Istria and the donation of Carniola. As part of the apology, the emperor donated the regalian rights over the principal Istrian bishoprics – Trieste, Pula, and Poreč (see docs. 1081_PAP, 1081_PAT, and 1093_PAP), and ended with the re-donation of Carniola. This was also a way of thanking Patriarch Ulrich of Eppenstein for his unwavering support during the fateful Investiture Controversy (see Robinson, cited above, for the broader context).

The dating elements of the charter do not concord with each other: the first indiction concords with the year 1093 and not 1091, whereas the 9th year of Henry IV’s emperorship concords with 1093 and the 38th year of his kingship and not the 28th year as the copies have it (CD, E has the 29th). The charter’s date – May 12, 1093 – is confirmed by Henry IV’s itinerary and by the fact that two out of four dating elements point to the year 1093. The inconsistencies regarding dating elements can be easily explained as stemming from simple copyists’ errors as CDE all stem from the same source, a nowadays lost copy. The original, as Gawlik and Gladiss state, had to have featured the correct dating elements (as DD H IV 431, drafted by the same scribe and issued on the same day, but unlike this charter, preserved in the original), and it most certainly began with an invocatio, which is also missing in all the surviving copies.

For the March of Carniola, the charter is of epochal significance as it marks the official beginning of the reign of the Aquileian patriarchs, a jurisdictional change that drastically influenced the region’s historical trajectory in the centuries to come. For Istria, this was the definitive split of the personal union with Carniola. Burchard II of Moosburg, who appears in this charter along his eponymous brother (not to be identified as the future bishop of Münster!) as one of the distinguished petitioners, is thus the first documented margrave whose jurisdictional prerogatives, by virtue of his margravial title, were limited solely to Istria – all former margraves (Winther, Ulrich of Weimar, and most probably Henry of Eppenstein too) were margraves of a vast marcher region which included either Friuli and Istria (as in the case of Winther) or Carniola and Istria (as in the case of Salian era margraves up to Burchard II of Moosburg). For Istria, therefore, the charter marks the definitive transformation from a March into a distinct Margraviate (for the definition of these terms, see Banić 2021, cited above).

How to Cite
First citation: Josip Banić (ed.), Fontes Istrie medievalis, vol. 3: A 1077 usque ad 1209, doc. 1093_PAC, fontesistrie.eu/1093_PAC (last access: date).
Subsequent citations: FIM, 3: doc. 1093_PAC.
Facsimile
Image Source and Info

The publication of the facsimile of C (Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Consultori in iure, ms. 345, fol. 12v) is granted free of charge by Archivio di Stato di Venezia by way of the “simplified procedure” of publishing archival facsimiles (La circolare della Direzione generale archivi n. 39 del 29 settembre 2017: procedura semplificata: pubblicazioni online che perseguano finalità scientifiche o pedagogiche, non beneficino di inserzioni pubblicitarie o commerciali e non siano soggette ad accesso a pagamento).

Photo by the editor.

The digital facsimile remains under the exclusive copyright of Archivio di Stato di Venezia.