Era
Vol. 2: A 804 usque ad 1077
Date
March 30, 858
Place
Regestum

Pope Benedict III writes to Vitalis, the patriarch of Grado, conferring upon him the pallium.

Source
The original is lost; the text survives in the following manuscript traditions:
T = Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Pacta e aggregati, Codex Trevisaneus, fol. 66r–v; late 15th-/early 16th-century simple copy, based on the copy from the nowadays lost Codex Egnatii, presumably from the 13th/14th century; the copy has the following signature in the upper left corner: Dand(ulo) carta 21, Eg(natii) carta 104, 856.
D = Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, ms. Lat. XIV, 77 (= 2991), fols. 147v–148r; 16th-century simple copy, copied by Tomaso Diplovataccio and included in his unfinished Tractatus de Venetae urbis libertate; the copy is presumably based on the nowadays lost Codex Egnatii; the copy is introduced with the following words: Item Benedictus 3s summus pontifex anno 868 concessit privilegium Vitali patriarche Gradensi et pallium utendum concessit, teste Andree Dandulo libro 8 suarum hystoriarum, capitulo 4o, parte 35 et 38, cuius privilegii tenor talis est et erit 208 [corr. in 211] privilegium.
The text is based on Liber Diurnus, doc. 45: De usu pallei, pp. 32–35 of Sickel’s edition, and is essentially a repetition of doc. 852_PG, mutatis mutandis.
Previous Editions
Curt-Bogislav von Hacke, Die Palliumverleihungen bis 1143: Eine diplomatisch-historische Untersuchung (Göttingen 1898), doc. 2, pp. 150–153; based solely on T, but with editor’s emendations based on Liber Diurnus; as such, the edition is much better than that of Roberto Cessi.
Roberto Cessi (ed.), Documenti relativi alla storia di Venezia anteriori al mille, vol. 2 (Padua 1942), doc. 3, pp. 4–6; even though citing D, the edition is based solely on T with some silent emendations and omissions.
FIM Edition
Collated edition based on TD, favoring T over D, judged to be the better copy. Liber Diurnus is referenced as Ld in the critical apparatus.
Transcription

Benedictus episcopus, servus servorum Dei, reverendissimo et sanctissimo confratri nostro Vitali archiepiscopo sanctę Gradensis ecclesię, diebus vitę tuęa tantummodo.

Si pastores ovium sole[m]b geluque pro gregis sui custodia die ac nocte ferre contenti sunt, ut ne qua ex eis aut errando pereat aut ferinis laniata morsibus rapiatur, oculis semper vigilantibus circumspectant, quanto sudore quantaque cura debemus esse pervigiles, nos qui pastores animarum dicimur, adtendamus et susceptum officium exhibere erga custodiam dominicarum ovium non cessemusc, ne in die divini examinis pro nostra desidia ante Summum Pastorem negligentię reatus excruciet, unde modo honoris reverentia sublimiores inter cęteros iudicamur .

Pallium autem fraternitati tuę ad missarum solemniad celebranda concedimus, quod tibi non aliter, ecclesię tuę privilegiis in suoe statu manentibus, uti largimurf, nisi solummodo in die sanctę ac venerandę resurrectionis domini nostri Iesu Christi seu in natalitiis sanctorum apostolorum atque beati baptistę Iohannisg, necnon in Assumptione beatę Dei genitricis Marię, simulque in dominicę domini Dei nostri nativitatis die, pariterque in solemnitatis ecclesię tue die, verum et in ordinationis tuę natalitio concedimus dieh, sicuti a beatissimo precessorei nostro domno Gregorio huius almę sedis pręsulę sancitum est. In secretarium vero induere tua fraternitas pallium debeat et ita ad missarum solemnia proficiscij et nihil sibi ampliusk ausu temerarię presumptionisl adrogarem, ne dum in exteriori habitu inordinate aliquid arripitur, ordinate, etiam quae licere poterant, admittanturn. Cuius quoniam indumenti honor modesta actuum vivacitate servandus est, hortamur ut ei cuncta ornamenta conveniant, quatenus auctore Deo recte, ut ubique, possis esse conspicuus.

Itaque vita tua filiis tuis sit regula; in ipsa, si qua tortitudo illis iniecta est, dirigant; in ea quod imitenturo, aspiciant, in ipsa se semper considerando proficiant, ut tuum post Deum videatur esse bene quod vixerint.

Cor ergo nec prospera quae temporaliter blandiuntur, extollant neque adversa deiciant, sed quicquidp illud fuerit, virtute patientię devincatur. Nullum apud te [locum]q odiar; nullum favor indiscretus inveniat; destrictum mali cognoscant; insontem apud te culpabilem suggestios mala non faciat, nocentem gratia [non]t excuset ; remissum te delinquentibus non ostendas, ne quod ultus non fueris perpetrari permittas.

Sit in te [et]u boni pastoris dulcedo, sit et iudicis reverav districtio, unum scilicet quod innocenter viventes foveat, aliud quod inquietos feriendos a pravitate compescasw. Sed quoniam nonnumquam, prepositorum zelus dumx districtus maiorumy vult vindex existere, transit in credulitatez correctio , iram in iudicio refrenaa' et censura disciplinę sic utere, ut et culpas ferias et ab' dilectione personarum quas corrigis non recedas.

Misericordem te prout virtus patitur pauperibus exhibe; oppressis defensio tua subveniat; opprimentibus modeste [e]rectioc' contradicat; nullius faciem contra iustitiam accipias; nullum querentem iuste despicias; custodia vitę aequitatis excellat, ut nec divitem potentia sua aliquid apud vos extra viam suadeat rationis audire, nec pauperem de re sua faciat humilitas desperare, quatenus Deo miserante talis possis existere qualem sacra lectio precipitd' dicens: “Oportet episcopum irreprehensibileme' esse.”1 Sed his omnibus uti salubriter poteris, si magistram caritatisf' habueris, quam qui secutus fuerit, ag' recto aliquando tramite non recedit.

Ecce, frater carissime, inter multa alia istah' sunt sacerdotii, ista sunt pallii, quae si studiose servaveris, quod foris accepisse ostenderis, intus habebis. Sancta Trinitas fraternitatem vestram gratię suę protectione circumdet atque ita in timoris sui via nos dirigat, ut post vitę huius amaritudinesi' ad ęternam simul pervenire dulcedinem mereamur.

Scriptum perj' manus Soffronii notarii regionarii et scriniarii sanctę Romanę ecclesię ⟨et de bulla nostra subtus iussimus sigillari⟩ in mense martio, indictione sextak'.

Bene vale!

Data tertiol' kalendas aprilis per manum Theophilactim' secundicerii sanctę Sedis Apostolicę imperante domno piisimo perpetuo augusto Hludovico a Deo coronato magno pacifico imperatore anno nono et post consulatum eius anno nono, indictione sextan'.o'

Critical apparatus

a) vitę tuę] vite tue et saepe sicet -ae in -e mutavit D.  b) sole TD; em. Banić iuxta Ld.  c) censemus D.  d) sollemnia et saepe sic D.  eD; insinuo T.  fD; largimus T.  gD; Ioannis T.  h) verum et in—concedimus die] D; om. T.  i) precesori D.  j) profisci D.  k) anplius D.  lD; pręsumtionis T.  m) arrogare D.  nD; ammittantur T.  oD; dimitentur T.  pD; quidquid T.  qom. TD; em. Banić iuxta Ld.  r) te locum odia] teriodia D.  sD; sugestio T.  tom. TD; em. Banić iuxta Ld.  uom. TD; em. Banić iuxta Ld.  vsic TD: pro severa, sicut Ld.  wsic TD: pro compescat, sicut Ld.  xseq. de add. T.  ysic TD: pro malorum, sicut Ld.  zsic TD: pro crudelitatem, sicut Ld.  a'D; rafrena T.  b'D; ad T.  c') rectio D; restio T; erectio em. Banić iuxta Ld.  d') precepit D.  e'D; inreprehensibilem T.  f'sic TD: pro caritatem, sicut Ld.  g'D; om. T.  h'D; istę T.  i'ex corr. D; amaritudinis T.  j'seq. verbum canc. T.  k') VIa D.  l'D; 3 T.  m') Theofilacti D.  n') VI D.  o'seq. finis add. T.


1) Vulg., 1 Tim. 3:2.

Medieval Recollections

Acts of the Synod of Rome of 1024 – edited here as doc. 1024_SR.


“Vitalis patriarcha, nacione Venetus, ex patre Ioanaceno Patriciaco, sedit annis XVIIII, mense I, diebus VI. Hic a Benedicto papa pallium suscepit, utendum diebus contentis in privilegiis predecossoribus suis concessis, sepultusque fuit in Grado in ecclesia sancta Agathe virginis.” – Andrea Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta, ed. Ester Pastorello, RIS, ser. 2, 12/1 (Bologna 1958), p. 154.

Selected Bibliography
Besides literature cited in doc. 852_PG, see also:
Marco Pozza, “Patriciaco, Vitale,” in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 81 (Rome 2014), online.
Editor's Notes

The conferral of pallium to Vitalis follows the same model as the letter directed to Victor, Vitalis’ predecessor, issued in 852 (see doc. 852_PG). The document is based on the model from Liber Diurnus which it follows extremely closely, making it easy to emend the text which survives only in much later copies.

The copies in T and D go back to the common source, the nowadays lost Codex Egnatii. Both copies have the phrase “et de bulla nostra subtus iussimus sigillari” in the eschatocol, which can only judged as a later interpolation. This line must have been interpolated already in the Codex Egnatii, from where it was copied in T and in D. Why the need to interpolate this line in the authentic papal letter in the first place will remain a mystery, especially because the document shows no other signs of forgery or tampering.

The conferral of the pallium to Vitalis clearly shows that the decrees of the Synod of Mantua (doc. 827_SM), whereby the church of Grado was subjected to the patriarchs of Aquileia as a mere “parish”, were not enforceable in practice. This conferral of pallium was used as one of the pieces of evidence for the metropolitan status of the church of Grado during the 1024 Synod of Rome, where the Patriarchate of Grado was indeed recognized as a metropolitan church (doc. 1024_SR).

How to Cite
First citation: Josip Banić (ed.), Fontes Istrie medievalis, vol. 2: A 804 usque ad 1077, doc. 858_PG, fontesistrie.eu/858_PG (last access: date).
Subsequent citations: FIM, 2: doc. 858_PG.
Facsimile
Image Source and Info

The publication of the facsimiles of T (Venice, Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Pacta e aggregati, Codex Trevisaneus, fol. 66r–v) is granted free of charge by Archivio di Stato di Venezia by way of the “simplified procedure” of publishing archival facsimiles (La circolare della Direzione generale archivi n. 39 del 29 settembre 2017: procedura semplificata: pubblicazioni online che perseguano finalità scientifiche o pedagogiche, non beneficino di inserzioni pubblicitarie o commerciali e non siano soggette ad accesso a pagamento).

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